The most prominent biomarker emerging as a non-PSA-based diagnostic test for prostate cancer is prostate cancer antigen 3 ( PCA3 ). PCA3 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that has been shown to be elevated in >90% of prostate cancer tissues, but not normal or BPH tissues—an important distinction to serum PSA ( 51, 52 ).
The PSA test is a blood test that measures the amount of 'prostate-specific antigen' (PSA) in your blood. PSA is a protein made in the prostate gland, which lies just below the bladder and helps produce healthy sperm. Some PSA molecules are released into the blood. It's normal for men to have some PSA in their blood, but if the test shows a
Detection of disease. PET/MRI has a high detection rate for recurrent prostate cancer even at very low PSA levels < 0.5 ng/mL. Furthermore, even at those low levels, extrapelvic disease can be localized in 25% of the cases, and local recurrence alone is seen only in 10%. Freitag et al. [ 33] 2018.
Although DRE has high specificity for prostate cancer, it has a low sensitivity profile and is not considered an effective detection tool on its own. 108 In contemporary series, 109 PSA testing with a threshold of 4.0 ng/mL has a sensitivity of only about 20%. Although the sensitivity of PSA testing could be improved by lowering the threshold
In populations of men without a diagnosis of prostate cancer or symptoms that suggest prostate cancer, and total PSA levels between 2.0 and 4.0 ng/mL, using free-to-total PSA thresholds from 25% to 31% as indications for biopsy maintained a sensitivity of at least 90%, with 3.8-12.5 false positives avoided per cancer missed.
RT-PCR is extremely sensitivity in detecting tissue-specific mRNA of tumor markers such, as PSA ( 45 ), hK2 ( 46 ), and more recently, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a 100-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein identified in all types of prostatic tissue, but particularly elevated in carcinomas.
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sensitivity of psa test for prostate cancer
